What is defined as tests that have significant consequences for students or schools?

High-stakes testing refers to assessments that carry substantial consequences for students, teachers, or schools based on performance outcomes. These tests often determine critical educational decisions, such as whether a student will graduate, meet grade promotion requirements, or score well enough to secure funding or resources for a school.

The term emphasizes the impact of the results beyond mere evaluation; for example, failing a high-stakes test can lead to retention in a grade or the withholding of a diploma, which can profoundly influence a student's educational trajectory. In the context of education policy, high-stakes testing is often utilized for accountability measures both at the school and district levels.

The other types of assessments, such as standardized testing, formative assessment, and diagnostic assessment, typically do not involve the same level of consequence for all stakeholders involved. Standardized tests can be high-stakes depending on their application, but not all standardized tests fit this definition. Formative assessments are aimed at ongoing student learning and development without significant consequences attached. Finally, diagnostic assessments help identify students’ learning needs but typically do not affect their academic standing directly.